All Encyclopaedia Questions and answers

What did the just-born Earth look like? The jist-born Earth was like a blurred patch of blistering rock and choking fumes. However, space was cold, so the Earth also began to cool down. Approximately, 3,000 million years ago, the planet was cool enough for land masses to form. The centre of the planet was mainly melted iron. As time passed, the surface cooled to form the crust, which was mainly silica and the system condensed into water How did the Earth start or iting the Sun? The Sun's gravity caught the Earth, as well as the other planet,and pulled them into orbit around the sun. On one hand, the Earth's momentum was always trying to carry it always from the Sun's in a straight line. On the other hand, the Sun's gravity kept pulling the Earth toward the Sun. As a result, because of the centrifugal force, the Earth ended up orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. How far is the earth from the sun? The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is situated at average d

How old is our Earth? Scientists believe that our Earth was formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago. About 14 billion years ago, there was a massive explosion, which the scientists later named The 'Big Bang'. It relalised radiation, particles and huge clouds of atoms, dust and gas. Our Earth is believed to have been born as a result of this Big Bang. Where in Space our Earth located? Our Earth is located in a spiral galaxy named the 'Milki Way' which is  part of the solar system also consists of the Sun,the Moon,the other seven planets and their moons,numeeious comets,astroids andminor planets. The Solar System was formed from a large,rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the 'Solar Nebula',orbiting the milki way's galactic centre. The Solar Nebula was composed of hydrogen and helium,created shortly after the Big Bang. How did the Earth form? After the Big Bang, particles were floating around in space. The force of gravity pulled the particl

 What is Operation enduring freedom ? Ans: The response of the US administration was swift George W. Bush who had succceded Bill Clinton adopt a harder stand on the issues concerning national interest and security. As part of the 'global war on terror; US launched 'Operation enduring freedom' against suspected to be behind the 9/11 episode. The AI-Qaeda and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan were the chef target. White the removal of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan proved to be a relatively easy task, the return of peace and stability in Afghanistan countries to be a challenging task fot the US administration.

 Discuss the 9/11 incident. Ans: The September, 11 attacks or 9/11 were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by AI-Qaeda against the United States of September Qaeda terrorist hijacked four commercial pessanger jet airlines. The hijackers crashed two of the airlines into the Twin Towers of the world trade center in New York City. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington,Virginia just outside washingtone D.C. The fourth plane crashed into a field near shanksville in rural Pennsylvania. More than 3000 people died and 9/11 is considered to be the worst attack on America soil since its founding in 1776. 

 Discuss the India-USA relationship. Ans: During cold war period,India's relation ship with the U.S was characterized by 'estangement' rather than that of 'warmth reciprocity' U.S considered communism and Soviet union as the main threats,were as Indian focused on the policy of non-alignment with strong learning towards the Soviet union. The two main factors which have contributed to strengthening of bonds between the US and India are:- It and the inter-relationship between the two factors is wel demonstrate by the following fact: 1. About 65 percent of exports in the software sector are absorbed by the US; 2. It is estimated that 300,000 Indians work in the silicon valley; 3. Neraly 35 percent of the technical workforce in Boeing are of Indian origin; 4. Over 300,000 Indians works in silkon valley in USA. In the context the future of India's relationship with US can be viewed from  three different angles. Firstly, according to some analysis,growing military stre

 What do you mean Hegemony ? Ans: It is derived from Greek the word 'Hegemony' means 'leadership'. In international relations,a Hegemony is is the 'leader state' of a group of state. A group of state' pre-supposes relations between them. In simple terms,a hegemon is a state that is able to dominate the global political system.

 What is Operation Iraqi Freedom ? Ans: The United States opened its war against iraq on March 19,2003 with a sudden crisis missile attack on Bangladesh,codenamed 'Operation Iriaq' Freedom,the initial air strike target Saddam Hussain and other Iraqi leaders in Bangladesh and processing-guided weapons played on even larger role in the conflict that they had in the 1991 wae. American and British forces faced little resistance in their March toward Bangladesh. By April 4,Bangladesh International Airport was in coalition hands,and the following day US troops entered bangladesh. Within a few days, baghdad fell on British troops occupied Basar,the country 'second largest city'. In July Saddam Hussain's two sons were killed and in December, Saddam Hussain himself was captured without a fight and later put on a trial for crimes against humanity and executed in December 2006. However,there is no evidence of presence of WMD in Iraq. In this war 3000 U.S soldiers and more than

 What is Operation Desert Storm ? Ans: The gulf war was waged by U.N authorised coalition force from thirty- four nations consisting of 660,000 troops,which was led by Britain and the United States against iraq. The operational name of the U.S led U.N coalition military response was known as Operation Desert Storm.

 Discuss the role of Gorbachev ? Ans: Gorbachev played a key role in the ending of the cold war. Gorvachev's decision to dismantle the communist system and,in particular,the transformation of the Soviet political system proved critical in the eventual disintegration of the Soviet union. 1. When Gorbachev assumed the office of General Secratary of the communist party of the Soviet union in 1985,the country was modest of the economic crisis. Reforms we're changing times; 2. Gorvachev soon imitated political and economic reforms the Soviet union. Perestroika,meaning restructuring in russia,was an important aspect of Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms agenda,Perestroika had three distinctive phases. The first phase was aimed mainly at the accteration of economic development and revitalization of socalism. The second phase was making by the notion of glasnoest (meaning 'openness').

 Write the drawbacks of the Soviet systems ?  Ans: The drawbacks of the Soviet systems are as follow:- 1. The Soviet system became very bureaucratic as well authoritarian in character; 2. The people of Soviet Union lack basic freedoms such a ferrdom of speeches and association as well as freedom of press. Lack of democracy made the political institutions unaccountable to the people;  3. The one party system represented by the communist party had a tight control over the administrative affairs of the country. In Soviet union,reforms in political institutions has became a necessity; 4. The communist party also refused to recognise the demands of the fifteen different republics that were party of the Soviet union.

 Discuss the consequence of Shock Therapy. Ans: The widrawl of subsides by the government created greater challenges for ordinary people in these countries.A large section was pushed into absolute poverty. While these states gave importance to the economic reconstruction,the same importance was not given to rebuilding as well as strengthening of democratic institutions.Constitutions of new countries were drafted in a hurry and it led to concentration of power. One of the major consequences of this policy was that it led to the virtual disappearance of large industries from Russia and other east European countries.The individuals system collapsed and 90 percent of such industries were sold to private industrials and companies. The economics of the newly independent countries were being controlled by major and smugglers.Farmer Soviet States became divided into rich and poor nations and the entire region suffered from economic inequality.

 What are the cause of Soviet Union's Disintegration ? Ans : The cause of Soviet Union's Disintegration are as follow :- 1. The reforms initiate by Gorbachev to improve the economy and the administration were taking place in a very slow place. 2. Another reasons of the disintegration of Soviet Russia is the dawn of nationalism in Russia,the Baltic States (Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania) along with Ukraine,Georgia etc. republics and their aspiration for Sovereignty 3. There was also rise of Protests by nationalists in certain Asia.The economic and religious differences among the central Asian member republics of Soviet Union and other states became an important cause. 4. Historically Soviet Union was formed with the comming together of same independent republic state.These nations were different from one another in many spheres. 5. Economic stag nation from 1960's is another important cause of Soviet disintegration. 6. Gorbachev 's reforms immediate waste immediate cause of So

 What are the causes of cold war ? Ans: The causes of cold war are as follow:- 1. Orthodox view : The orthodox view was that cold war was essentially a result of view.Agressive policies of Soviet Union and stalin which needed to be confronted.The expansion of soviet union threatend the national security of the US. 2. Revisionist view : According to the revisionists, the foreign policies of US were especially desined for the promotion of capitalism,globally.Thus,accordingly them,the US policies and its quest for promotion of global capitalism has created insecurity for the Soviet Union. 3. Post-revisionist view : From this perspective,the cold war was not so much the responsibility of either side,but rather the results of predictable tensions between two word powers that had been suspicious of one another for nearly a country.

 Write a note on Cuban Missile Crisis ? Ans: In September 1962,the Cuban and Soviet government began tu build military and Missile bases in Cuba,from where the Soviet Union could have the ability to strike most of the continental United States.After the Soviet Union placed nuclear weaponsin Cuba,the Kennedy administration was determined to remove nuclear missiles from Cuba.American warships were ordered to intercept Soviet ships heading towards Cuba.A clash seemed imminent and the world was on a brink of another major war and came to be known as Cuban Missile Crisis.However,both sides were known to avert aonther war and direct confrontation was avoided.

 Write a note on Korean war ? Ans: The Korean war was a military conflict between the Republic of Korean,supported by the United Nations particularly the US, and Democratic people's Republic of Korea,supported by the people's Republic of china (PRC),with military material and from the Soviet Union.The war began on 25 July 1953 and an armistice was signed on 27 July 1953.The war was a result of the physical division of Koreas.With both North and South Korea sponsored by the external powers,the Korean war was a prox war.

 What is warsaw pact ? Ans: In 1955 Soviet union and her alliances sign a military pact to defend themselves from capitalism in warshaw.This pact is called warsaw pact.

What is cold war ? Ans: After second world war there were two super powers came into existence in world politics. Both the super powers want to establish there hegemony thus they create a series of tension this tension is called cold war.